Greece Issues Smoke Safety Advice as Wildfires Continue

Greece’s Ministry of Health has issued updated public health guidance on protecting against wildfire smoke, warning that vulnerable groups face the greatest risk as fires continue to burn across parts of the country.

The ministry said wildfire smoke contains harmful pollutants released when vegetation burns, including carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide and fine particulate matter (PM2.5). These pollutants can travel long distances on the wind and pose both short-term and long-term health risks.

According to the ministry, fine particles can penetrate deep into the lungs and, in some cases, enter the bloodstream. People most at risk include those with asthma or other respiratory illnesses, people with cardiovascular disease, individuals with chronic health conditions, older adults, children, pregnant women and smokers.

Exposure to wildfire smoke may cause eye and throat irritation, coughing, bronchitis and breathing difficulties. It can also trigger asthma attacks or worsen existing respiratory conditions. In people with underlying heart disease, smoke exposure may contribute to irregular heart rhythms and, in severe cases, cardiovascular events.

The ministry also warned that inhaling extremely hot gases during a wildfire can cause serious burns to the lower respiratory tract and lead to life-threatening complications.

Key protection measures

The Ministry of Health urged residents in areas affected by wildfire smoke to:

• Follow all instructions issued by emergency authorities.
• Stay indoors with windows, doors and other openings closed.
• Reduce unnecessary travel, even if flames are not nearby but smoke is present.
• Use air conditioning on recirculation mode rather than drawing in outside air.
• Set vehicle air conditioning to recirculation mode when driving through smoky areas.
• Avoid smoking indoors or using fireplaces, barbecues, aerosols or other activities that reduce indoor air quality.
• Wear a well-fitted N95, FFP2 or KN95 face mask when outdoor travel is unavoidable, particularly in areas with heavy smoke or ash.
• Stay well hydrated by drinking plenty of water and avoid sugary or alcoholic beverages, especially during periods of extreme heat.
• Check on elderly neighbours, people living alone and others who may need assistance.

The ministry also advised people taking medication that may affect the body’s ability to regulate temperature to seek medical advice if necessary.

Anyone experiencing symptoms such as severe shortness of breath, confusion, seizures, chest pain, breathing difficulties or loss of consciousness should seek immediate medical attention.

Emergency medical care should also be sought without delay for anyone who suffers burns, including burns to the airways caused by inhaling hot gases.

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