Trump Administration Nears Trade Deal With Taiwan

The deal would cut tariffs and include a commitment from Taiwanese Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation, the island’s chip giant, to build more manufacturing plants in the United States.

The Trump administration is completing a trade deal with Taiwan that would reduce tariffs on the island’s exports and commit its largest chipmaker, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation, to invest significantly more in the United States, according to three people familiar with the matter.

The agreement, which has been under negotiation for months, is being legally scrubbed and could be announced this month. The deal would reduce the U.S. tariff rate, to 15 percent, for goods from the island, the people said. That rate is in line with imports from Japan and South Korea, Asian allies that struck deals last year.

As part of the deal, TSMC would also commit to building at least five more semiconductor facilities, or fabs, in Arizona, roughly doubling the number of plants it has in the state, one of the people said. The timeline for the investments was not immediately clear. A spokesman for TSMC declined to comment.

Since announcing tariffs on dozens of trading partners in April, the Trump administration has negotiated to reduce those rates in exchange for promises of investments and deals that fulfill U.S. national security priorities. South Korea and Japan have pledged hundreds of billions of dollars in investments in U.S. shipbuilding, nuclear energy, electronics and critical minerals.

With Taiwan, the Trump administration wanted the island to invest in more semiconductor manufacturing in the United States. Taiwan dominates global production of chips that are the brains of computers and the data centers needed for artificial intelligence. But relying on the island appears increasingly risky given Beijing’s assertion that Taiwan belongs to China and should one day be brought under Chinese control. China has done live-fire drills around the island, and officials and executives worry about the possibility of an invasion’s disrupting the global supply chains for electronics, cars and weaponry.

TSMC, the world’s pre-eminent chipmaker, has completed one plant in Arizona since 2020; is completing a second, which will open in 2028; and has promised to build four more in the coming years. But as part of the U.S.-Taiwanese trade talks, it agreed to add at least five more.

The Office of the United States Trade Representative and the Department of Commerce did not provide comment.

Trade negotiations with Taiwan have dragged on as the two sides have debated what to do about tariffs. The Trump administration has announced limited trade arrangements with countries in recent months in an effort to rework America’s trading relationships. Mr. Trump briefly introduced “reciprocal” tariffs globally in April, before pausing them and then reintroducing them in August.

Since then, importers of Taiwanese products have paid a 20 percent tariff when bringing goods into the United States. But the administration exempted semiconductors and many electronics from those tariffs, saying those sectors would be subject to separate national security tariffs issued under a legal provision known as Section 232.

The administration has also used the national security statute to apply tariffs to steel, aluminum, cars, copper, lumber and other goods. The Section 232 investigation into semiconductors, which is administered by the Department of Commerce, was expected last year. That has prompted speculation that the Trump administration has not pushed forward on it for fear of upsetting a trade truce with China.

The potential tariffs on chips pose a direct threat to the island and TSMC. Semiconductors account for more than a third of Taiwan’s exports, with the most valuable of those chips coming from TSMC’s network of 20-plus factories.

The Taiwanese government had earlier concluded trade discussions with the Office of the United States Trade Representative, but continued to discuss the Section 232 tariffs and TSMC’s domestic investment plans with the Department of Commerce. Those talks only recently concluded, as TSMC bought another parcel of land in Arizona for its expansion.

Administration officials have said companies that invest domestically would not be subject to Section 232 tariffs, though it is unclear exactly how the arrangement will work.

Taiwanese officials declined to comment. On Dec. 26, the Taiwanese trade negotiations office said in a statement to reporters that the two sides had reached broad consensus on a trade agreement that would include the U.S. side lowering reciprocal tariffs on Taiwan and providing preferential treatment under Section 232.

Earlier in the year, the two sides had been unable to conclude their trade agreement because the bulk of U.S.-Taiwan trade is in chips and the semiconductor tariffs were still evolving, the office said.

Amy Chang Chien contributed reporting from Taipei.

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