Sitting on Japanese tatami mats may reduce anxiety and support task engagement

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by Kyushu University

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Igusa is the core material used in making tatami mats. After Igusa is cultivated, it is dried and woven into mats. These mats are then sewn onto the tatami's base. Over 90% of Igusa grown in Japan comes from a single region: Yatsushiro City in Kumamoto Prefecture on the island of Kyushu. Credit: Yousuke Konno

Researchers at Kyushu University, publishing in the journal Scientific Reports, found that using mats made from Japanese Igusa, or rush grass, was associated with increased activity in regions of the brain related to concentration and engagement. Surveyed participants also reported reduced tension and anxiety after using Igusa mats. Igusa has been used in Japan for centuries, and the research team hopes scientific evidence of its health benefits will provide new value for this traditional material.

What is the first thing you notice when you walk into a Japanese-style room? Is it the floor-level furniture? The sliding wood-and-paper doors? Or is it the smell? Also called a tatami room—or Washitsu in Japanese—these spaces are defined by their tatami flooring, which has been part of Japanese culture and architecture for centuries. The unique smell of the Washitsu comes from the tatami, specifically the Igusa that makes up the mat surface.

"In Japan, the scent of Igusa is associated with comfort and relaxation. However, there is very little scientific evidence to support such claims," explains Associate Professor Kuniyoshi Shimizu from Kyushu University's Faculty of Agriculture, who led the study. "Our team has been using objective scientific methods to investigate the effects of Igusa on people. Previously, we showed that the aromatic compounds in Igusa have relaxing effects. This time, we wanted to explore other benefits like mood, stress resilience, and task engagement."

Testing tatami against plastic

In their experimental setup, the team placed volunteers in a soundproof room under two conditions: sitting on Igusa mats or sitting on unscented polypropylene plastic mats. The volunteers then completed simple tasks while the team measured their reaction times and brain activity using an electroencephalograph (EEG). Afterward, the team administered psychological questionnaires to assess the volunteers' stress and comfort.

Igusa is known for its unique scent that is said to have health benefits, but such claims lacked scientific evidence. Professor Kuniyoshi Shimizu from Kyushu University and his research team used EEG to monitor the brainwaves of participants while they sat on Igusa mats and completed a series of tasks. They found that when participants used Igusa mats, their brain activity showed patterns associated with increased concentration and engagement. Credit: Yousuke Konno

Brain signals and mood shifts

"We had a total of 17 volunteers with an average age of 21.5 years. When we compared the results of tasks performed on the Igusa mat with the control condition, we saw a significant difference," explains Shimizu. "The EEG results showed that when participants were sitting on the Igusa mats while completing their tasks, they had increased beta wave activity in certain parts of the brain. This indicates that they had enhanced focus and better cognitive engagement."

Moreover, the team found that under Igusa mat conditions, gamma wave activity showed clear changes between resting and task periods across many brain areas. Alpha wave activity also remained more stable during rest periods. Together, these patterns suggest increased stress resilience through more efficient relaxation.

Afterward, volunteers reported reduced tension and anxiety after using the Igusa mats. However, other aspects of mood showed no significant change.

A traditional material under review

This study provides new empirical data on the possible benefits of Igusa mats, specifically their potential to reduce tension and anxiety and support stress resilience when performing tasks.

"We had a small number of participants in this study, so the next step is to replicate the experiment with a larger, more diverse population. In addition, we only evaluated short-term responses, so we would also like to investigate the long-term effects of Igusa use," says Shimizu.

"For generations, Igusa has brought comfort to Japanese living spaces. But today, its use has decreased due to changes in lifestyles and modern housing environments. Through our research, we hope to deepen our understanding of how traditional materials can influence people and discover new applications for them in contemporary society."

Publication details

Stress resilience and engagement enhancement under the usage of Igusa (Juncus effusus L. var. decipiens Buchen.) mat: a crossover study, Scientific Reports (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-47520-8

Journal information: Scientific Reports

Key medical concepts

AnxietyElectroencephalography

Clinical categories

Psychology & Mental healthPsychiatryNeurology Provided by Kyushu University Who's behind this story?

Gaby Clark

MA in English, copy editor since 2021 with experience in higher education and health content. Dedicated to trustworthy science news. Full profile →

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