Ross, TJX, and Walmart reveal how the real engine of the U.S. economy is doing

Ross Stores just called out increased activity across all income cohorts. TJX told us how incredible the inventory selection is. This booming business at off-price retailers is further evidence that shoppers are feeling increasingly strained. Investors need to pay attention, even if these companies aren't in their portfolios, because consumer spending drives two-thirds of the American economy. Their buying behavior has implications for the Federal Reserve's next move — and that matters to the whole market. After Thursday's close, Ross Stores reported quarterly sales and earnings above expectations, with same-store sales surging 17%. CEO James Conroy said on the post-earnings call: "Comp increase was primarily driven by a growth in transactions, and we saw healthy increases in customer count on a comp store basis across income levels, ethnicities, and all age groups, including the young customer." It's no wonder the stock jumped more than 5.5% on Friday, pushing back toward record highs. For the week, the stock is up over 9%. Same story at TJX, our Club holding behind T.J. Maxx, Marshalls, and HomeGoods. On Wednesday's call, CFO John Klinger said that first-quarter comp growth of 6% was "driven equally by a higher average basket and an increase in customer transactions. … Across all geographies, income, demographic bands, we're very pleased with what we saw." Shares surged on earnings day and are up more than 6% for the week. While shoppers seek out similar value at Walmart — and its earnings Thursday morning showed some of that — it was the retail giant's warning about high gas prices that got all the attention because it dinged the company's outlook. On the Walmart call, CFO John David Rainey said, "We have a large fuel business, and we see that in the most recent period, the number of gallons that customers fill up with when they come to our fuel stations fell below 10 for the first time since 2022. That's an indication of stress." He did try to blunt some of that worry, saying that "while there are certainly pressures on the consumer, let me reiterate: our business is strong." Between what TJX and Ross are saying, coupled with Walmart's challenges, it's safe to say the consumer is getting more frugal. We got more evidence on Friday: The latest consumer sentiment survey hit a new record low. Next week, we'll be looking at the last of the three major off-price retailers, Burlington . We already know the lower-income cohort was being stressed; the question is, is that upper part of the "K-shaped" economy we find ourselves starting to feel it now as well? On Thursday night, Deckers Outdoor , the parent company behind the Hoka running shoe and Ugg boot brands, indicated the consumer looked OK from their point of view. These are certainly more premium brands, so keep that in mind. "Consumers, even with everything going on, are still operating from a healthy position," CFO Steven Fasching said on Deckers' fiscal fourth-quarter call. "I think what we've seen, especially in what played out in Q3 and Q4, was the consumers showed up for the brands that they want, and they purchased the brands that they want." There are more full-price retailers on next week's earnings schedule — from Capri Holdings , the luxury retailer behind the Michael Kors and Jimmy Choo brands, to specialty names such as Abercrombie & Fitch , American Eagle , and Gap , as well as department store chain Kohl's . And of course, Club name Costco . Capri will be interesting because it is the most discretionary of the bunch, and therefore, has the greatest potential of revealing how the upper-income cohort is feeling about the economy. What an outfit like Kohl's has to say can be equally revealing, as it likely sees a broader spectrum of the consumer and can therefore provide deeper insight into behavioral dynamic shifts across all income cohorts. Like Walmart, Costco can provide broad insight into not only shopping trends, but also the impact that fuel prices are having. For Costco, high fuel prices can actually drive traffic to stores , given that the fuel there is discounted, and members figure they may as well do some bulk, discount shopping after they've filled up the tank. With oil holding around $100 per barrel going into the summer driving season, incoming Fed Chair Kevin Warsh is going to have a tough time cutting interest rates. According to AAA , the national average for a gallon of unleaded gas is $4.56, around a four-year high and $1.36 per gallon more expensive than last Memorial Day weekend. However, if the consumer pulls back further on discretionary purchases due to gas prices and other factors, Warsh might get some wiggle room to lower rates, arguing that inflation is not as much of a problem if the real engine of the economy starts to slow. (Jim Cramer's Charitable Trust is long TJX, COST. See here for a full list of the stocks.) As a subscriber to the CNBC Investing Club with Jim Cramer, you will receive a trade alert before Jim makes a trade. Jim waits 45 minutes after sending a trade alert before buying or selling a stock in his charitable trust's portfolio. If Jim has talked about a stock on CNBC TV, he waits 72 hours after issuing the trade alert before executing the trade. 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