Myanmar Conserves Endangered Star and Roofed Turtles as National Biological Treasures

Myanmar’s rare species, including the star tortoise and roofed turtle, are being preserved and protected as part of the country’s biological heritage, according to reports.

Rich in biodiversity, Myanmar’s abundance of rivers, streams, lakes, and wetlands provides habitats for a wide range of terrestrial and aquatic wildlife. Among these, the endangered Myanmar star tortoise is primarily conserved in Mandalay Region, Sagaing Region, and Magway Region. The species typically lays eggs between May and September, up to four times a year, with more than 15 eggs per clutch. Depending on its natural habitat, it can live for over 50 years.

Before 1999, the Myanmar star tortoise was on the brink of extinction. To prevent its disappearance and ensure continued breeding, conservation efforts have been carried out in Lokananda Wildlife Sanctuary, Shwesettaw Wildlife Sanctuary, and Minzontaung Wildlife Sanctuary. As a result, around 10,000 individuals have survived. Measures have also been implemented to prevent population decline, including protection against forest fires, habitat loss, and illegal trade.

Similarly, the Myanmar roofed turtle is commonly found in the Thamanti Wildlife Sanctuary and along sandbanks in the upper Chindwin River. Conservation breeding began in 2001 at the Lokananda Wildlife Sanctuary. As an endemic species found only in Myanmar and the second rarest turtle species in the world, it is being bred in controlled environments to prevent extinction, support research, and allow public education and observation.

Myanmar is home to 31 turtle species, including five marine turtles, 22 freshwater turtles, and four tortoise species. Tortoises contribute to ecosystems by dispersing seeds and aiding plant and fungal reproduction, while also transporting pollen and insects. Aquatic turtles help maintain clean water systems by consuming pollutants, algae, and insects in rivers and lakes, thereby supporting environmental balance.

Among the 11 tortoise species recorded, three new species—such as the flat-backed tortoise, four-eyed tortoise, and Myanmar softshell tortoise—have been newly identified. The star tortoise and roofed turtle, recognized globally as rare endemic species of Myanmar, are being actively protected through collective efforts to prevent extinction caused by illegal hunting and trade.