1967 guide for LSD use still relevant as psychedelics gain in popularity

by Laurie Kaiser, University at Buffalo

edited by Sadie Harley, reviewed by Robert Egan

Sadie Harley

Scientific Editor

Meet our editorial team
Behind our editorial process

Robert Egan

Senior Editor

Meet our editorial team
Behind our editorial process Editors' notes

This article has been reviewed according to Science X's editorial process and policies. Editors have highlighted the following attributes while ensuring the content's credibility:

fact-checked

trusted source

proofread

The GIST Add as preferred source

As psychedelic drugs such as LSD gain new momentum as treatments for severe post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and even headaches, a University at Buffalo researcher is exploring safety education for recreational users.

Daniel Kruger, Ph.D., a research associate professor in the School of Public Health and Health Professions, looked back more than half a century for best practices in harm reduction.

Bieberman's early harm reduction advice

In the 1960s, when Harvard psychology lecturer and psychedelics proponent Timothy Leary was advising people to "turn on, tune in, and drop out," a young Radcliffe College graduate was quietly focused on another aspect of hallucinogens—safety.

Lisa Bieberman, who had been a Leary follower, established the Psychedelic Information Center in Cambridge, Massachusetts. In February 1967, she published a $1 pamphlet, "Session Games People Play: A Manual for the Use of LSD," which recommended best practices for using all types of psychedelics, especially for first-timers. She also addressed what might go wrong during an LSD or psilocybin ("magic") mushroom trip.

"Bieberman highlights a number of games that may be better avoided during an LSD session, such as running away from your companions and believing that you have unlocked the deepest truths of the universe and need to tell the world about them," Kruger says. "She also recommended that users stay with people they like and trust, avoid going out in public, and clear their minds of negative emotions."

He launched a study with Paul Gillis-Smith, program lead at the Center for the Study of World Religious Studies at Harvard Divinity School, in which they surveyed almost 600 self-identified psychedelic users.

Their findings, which showed that participants agreed with 18 of 19 pieces of Bieberman's advice, were published in Psychedelics.

Other authors on the study are affiliated with the Michigan Psychedelic Center at the University of Michigan; Blue Sage Health Consulting in Ann Arbor, Michigan; the Michigan Psychedelic Society; and the Radical Well-Being Center in Southfield, Michigan.

Renewed interest brings safety concerns

When Kruger discovered Bieberman's pragmatic teachings, which differed from Leary's esoteric rhetoric, such as "surrender to the void," he wanted to see if they would hold up today. It's a timely inquiry, considering that psychedelic use now exceeds that of the counterculture '60s, according to Kruger.

Today, these drugs are gaining new momentum through hundreds of clinical trials and legal pathways in states like Oregon and Colorado, Kruger says.

"The idea is to medicalize these psychedelics for psychiatric conditions such as severe PTSD and depression," he adds. "There really haven't been any big innovations in mental health medications since the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were introduced in the 1980s, and they don't work as well as we originally thought."

Psychedelics have even been used to treat physical conditions such as cluster headaches, which are so painful that some people with them have reported suicidal thoughts.

"The clinical trials show people are getting better for a range of conditions," he says. "Some report finding more meaning in life, having greater spiritual connections, and improving their relationships."

While these trials may offer promise to millions of people, Kruger notes that the majority of those experimenting with psychedelics are doing so outside a regulated context and with little prevention education.

"As a public health professional, I believe we need to protect these users," he says. "When Lisa's pamphlet was published, there were few resources for novice users. Although the term 'harm reduction' was decades from entering the vernacular of drug use education and safety, we propose that 'Session Games' and Bieberman's larger collection of work are precursors to this approach."

Users favor trust and preparation

The anonymous survey participants, who were recruited through online advertisements and in-person outreach at a psychedelic advocacy event in Ann Arbor, Michigan, reported using LSD and psilocybin mushrooms, mescaline, ayahuasca, ketamine and MDMA (ecstasy/molly), primarily within the last year. They ranged in age from 18 to 85, with an average age of 43. Some identified as psychedelic guides or educators.

Regarding how best to prepare for a psychedelic experience, the majority of respondents agreed with the statements: "Be with people who know, like, and trust each other," and "Be aware that, even with a guide, you have to do most of the work yourself."

For overall advice, the strongest agreement was with the statements: "Recognize that the experience will eventually end," and "Recognize that you may experience anxiety, which does not mean that something is wrong."

Participants neither uniformly agreed nor disagreed with the advice to avoid looking in the mirror during a psychedelic trip, which over the decades has proved to be a scary experience for some users.

"Participants strongly endorsed advice emphasizing interpersonal trust, personal responsibility and psychological preparation—principles thought to be foundations of safe and meaningful psychedelic experiences in clinical research," Kruger says.

Therapy's return and shifting laws

Indeed, psychedelics were considered a promising therapeutic tool in the mid-20th century, when they were used to treat such conditions as neurosis and schizophrenia and in general psychotherapy. However, by the late 1960s, the drugs were criminalized and psychedelic therapy waned.

While classic psychedelic drugs are still illegal in the United States, Colorado and Oregon have established state-regulated frameworks for supervised therapeutic use. New Mexico is not far behind, says Kruger, who predicts that more psychedelic-based medications will enter the marketplace in the not-too-distant future.

"It's a freight train coming down the tracks," he says. "So, we better have a train station to safely load passengers onto this train or else they're just going to try to jump on board while this train is moving."

Kruger notes that the 2026 Psychedelic Community Survey is now available for anyone to take, regardless of whether they have used psychedelics. While all answers are anonymous, he recommends that participants take the survey on a private computer or device in a private location.

More information

Daniel J. Kruger et al, Highlighting the legacy of a psychedelic harm reduction pioneer: Assessing contemporary agreement with advice in Lisa Bieberman's 1967 "Session Games" manual, Psychedelics (2026). DOI: 10.1016/j.psyche.2026.100034

Key medical concepts

HallucinogensLysergic Acid DiethylamideHarm ReductionPsilocybin

Clinical categories

PsychiatryPsychology & Mental healthPreventive medicine Provided by University at Buffalo Who's behind this story?

Sadie Harley

BSc Life Sciences & Ecology. Microbiology lab background with pharmaceutical news experience in oil, gas, and renewable industries. Full profile →

Robert Egan

Bachelor's in mathematical biology, Master's in creative writing. Well-traveled with unique perspectives on science and language. Full profile →

Citation: 1967 guide for LSD use still relevant as psychedelics gain in popularity (2026, September 25) retrieved 25 September 2026 from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2026-09-lsd-relevant-psychedelics-gain-popularity.html This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.