Why the damp walls in your house are a health hazard and you should be worried

Damp walls and mould in Indian homes can exacerbate respiratory conditions. They can cause lung problems in the long run due to the microscopic spores released in the air.

In Short

• Mould spores and damp walls are contributors to respiratory illnesses
• Doctors warn that prolonged exposure to mould can worsen respiratory conditions
• Controlling indoor humidity and addressing water leaks can reduce the health risks

Damp walls and mould are an all-too-common sight in Indian households, particularly during monsoon seasons or in areas with poor ventilation and water leakage.

Beyond being an eyesore, these issues increase health risks, especially to the respiratory system. From children playing indoors to adults spending long hours at home, exposure to mould spores and dampness has become a silent but persistent health hazard.

According to doctors, these factors are increasingly contributing to respiratory illnesses, making it essential to understand their impact and take preventive measures.

"Mould spores are potent allergens that can irritate the respiratory system, leading to conditions like asthma and allergic rhinitis," said Dr. Praveen Kumar Pandey, Senior Director, Pulmonology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Patparganj.

He explained that moulds thrive in damp environments, releasing microscopic spores into the air. These spores, which cannot be seen with the naked eye, when inhaled, can worsen asthma symptoms and even cause severe allergic reactions like anaphylaxis in sensitive individuals.

Anaphylaxis is a severe and even life-threatening allergic reaction that results in hives, itchiness or redness of the skin. It could also cause swelling of the face and eyes. A person can have difficulty breathing and feel lightheaded.

EFFECTS OF MOULD AND DAMPNESS ON RESPIRATORY HEALTH

Indoor mould releases mycotoxins, toxic compounds that can cause chronic airway inflammation. Prolonged exposure may exacerbate pre-existing conditions like asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

"Patients often report increased frequency of asthma attacks during damp seasons when mould proliferation is at its peak," added Dr. Prasanna Kumar T, Consultant Pulmonologist, Ramaiah Memorial Hospital. He highlighted that these fungi are more than a household nuisance, they are a key driver of respiratory distress.

Besides this, mould exposure can lead to fungal infections, such as pulmonary aspergillosis, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems. Children and the elderly are particularly vulnerable due to their less robust immunity.

"Even seemingly harmless mould patches can release spores that cause symptoms ranging from sneezing and coughing to life-threatening conditions like hypersensitivity pneumonitis," said Dr. Pandey.

Damp walls also create an ideal environment for dust mites and bacteria, compounding the problem. These allergens can trigger wheezing, shortness of breath, and sinus infections, making everyday living a challenge for those with respiratory sensitivities.

PREVENTING MOULD-RELATED HEALTH ISSUES

Doctors recommend keeping indoor humidity levels below 50% using dehumidifiers or exhaust fans. Addressing water leaks promptly and ensuring proper ventilation in damp-prone areas like bathrooms and kitchens are crucial.

"Be alert to signs of mould, such as musty odours or visible spots, and seek medical advice if respiratory symptoms persist," advised Dr. Prasanna Kumar.

If mould problems are severe, one may need to call professionals to remove it, and make the home safer.