Mental disorders surpass other conditions as leading global cause of disability

The study, led by researchers at the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) in collaboration with partners at the University of Queensland and published in The Lancet, identified that mental disorders disproportionately impact people aged 15–19 and women. It examined the prevalence and burden of mental disorders across both sexes, 25 age groups, 21 regions, and 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2023, making it the most comprehensive analysis of mental disorder burden to date.

Mental disorders are now the leading driver of disability worldwide. 

Recent increases have been driven largely by anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder. Since 2019, the age-standardized prevalence of major depressive disorder has risen by about 24%, while anxiety disorders have increased by more than 47%, with both conditions peaking in the years following the COVID-19 pandemic.

Dr. Damian Santomauro, first author, Associate Professor at the Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research in partnership with the University of QueenslandThese rising trends may reflect both the lingering effects of pandemic-related stress and longer-term structural drivers such as poverty, insecurity, abuse, violence, and declining social connectedness. Addressing this growing challenge will require sustained investment in mental health systems, expanded access to care, and coordinated global action to better support populations most at risk."

Dr. Santomauro is also an Affiliate Assistant Professor at IHME

The burden peaks in adolescence and disproportionately affects women. 

"Our findings show that mental disorder burden peaks among 15–19-year-olds, which is a critical developmental period that can shape trajectories for education, employment, and relationships," said co-author Dr. Alize Ferrari, Honorary Associate Professor at the Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research in partnership with the University of Queensland. Dr. Ferrari is also an Affiliate Assistant Professor at IHME.

In 2023, 620 million women of all ages were living with a mental disorder compared to 552 million men of all ages globally. Women accounted for 92.6 million DALYs, compared to 78.6 million among men, indicating a higher overall burden. These differences are likely shaped by a complex mix of factors, including greater exposure to domestic violence and sexual abuse, increased caregiving responsibilities, and structural inequalities such as gender discrimination.

Mental disorders impact populations worldwide, highlighting gaps in care. 

These patterns translate into substantial impacts for communities worldwide. Mental disorders impact families and caregivers, reduce workforce participation and productivity, and place growing demands on health systems and government resources. GBD analyses estimate that only about 9% of individuals with major depressive disorder globally receive minimally adequate treatment, with less than 5% receiving adequate care in 90 countries. Across 204 countries and territories, only a small number of high-income settings, including Australia, Canada, and the Netherlands, have treatment coverage exceeding 30%, highlighting major global gaps in care.

Source:

Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation

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