BM Health: Infectious diseases run rampant in Karnataka

Acute diarrhoeal disease, dog bites and dengue cases are on rise along with seasonal illnesses like chikungunya and malaria

Acute diarrhoeal disease (ADD) remains one of the most prevalent illnesses in the state this year, with 2,985 new cases reported last week, bringing the total to 1,40,914 cases so far. The peak of ADD cases occurred in mid-June, coinciding with the onset of the monsoon season. The State Surveillance Unit of the Commissionerate of Health and Family Welfare in Karnataka has released its weekly report on infectious diseases, covering data from the previous week (September 16 to 22) and the year-to-date numbers (January 1 to September 22). The report provides a comprehensive picture of various diseases, their peak periods, and their impact on the public. The report said that diarrhoeal diseases are hazardous for young children and elderly populations.

Dog bites: Alarming increase in incidents
Another concern is the dramatic rise in dog bites, with 7,086 cases reported just last week and a staggering 2,50,034 cases since the beginning of the year. The surge in dog bites could be linked to an increase in stray dog populations, inadequate rabies vaccination programs for animals, and insufficient public awareness about safe interactions with dogs. The public health impact of dog bites extends beyond the immediate injury, as untreated cases can lead to rabies, a fatal disease.

Dengue: Persistent threat during monsoon

The report further added that Dengue fever continues to be a significant health threat in Karnataka, with 836 cases reported last week, contributing to a total of 28,071 cases this year. Dengue cases peaked in July and August, during the monsoon, when stagnant water became breeding grounds for the Aedes mosquito, the dengue carrier. Despite ongoing fogging and anti-mosquito campaigns, the steady case numbers highlight the need for year-round vigilance, especially in urban areas.

Snake bites: Deadly encounters in rural areas

Last week, 305 snake bites were reported, along with one death, bringing the total for the year to 9,016 bites and 65 fatalities. The peak in snake bite incidents occurred in June, likely due to increased human activity in agricultural fields during the monsoon season when snakes are more active. The report said that snake bites require prompt medical treatment, including the administration of anti-venom, which is not always readily available in rural health centres. Efforts to reduce snake bite deaths focus on better healthcare access, education on prevention, and ensuring anti-venom availability in rural areas.

Influenza: Seasonal decline after September peak

Influenza, which saw a peak in cases earlier this month, appears to be on the decline, with 483 cases reported last week and a total of 228 cases for the current year. The seasonal nature of influenza means that cases rise during cooler months when people are more likely to gather indoors, increasing the spread of the virus. The report said that vaccination campaigns and public health messaging are essential tools in combating the spread of influenza.

Severe Acute Respiratory Illness (SARI): Persistent cases throughout the year

Severe Acute Respiratory Illness (SARI) has been a persistent health concern throughout the year, with 162 new cases reported last week, contributing to a total of 6,213 cases since January. SARI cases peaked in January, likely due to the winter season when respiratory illnesses tend to surge. These cases often result in hospitalisations.

Chikungunya: Seasonal outbreak

Chikungunya cases peaked during the monsoon months. Last week, 85 new cases were reported, bringing the total for the year to 1,920. Chikungunya, which is also transmitted by the Aedes mosquito, causes fever and severe joint pain, which can last for months after the initial infection. The report said that efforts to combat Chikungunya mirror those for dengue, with mosquito control measures being a top priority.

Leptospirosis: Waterborne risk during monsoons
The report said that Leptospirosis, a bacterial disease transmitted through water contaminated with animal urine, saw its peak in July during the monsoon season. Last week, 54 cases were reported, bringing the total to 1,536 for the year. Leptospirosis is commonly contracted in flood-prone areas where people are exposed to contaminated water.

Malaria and Kyasanur Forest Disease
Malaria cases remain relatively low, with 113 cases reported last week and a total of 359 for the year. The peak occurred in July, similar to other mosquito-borne diseases. Kyasanur Forest Disease, a tick-borne viral disease, saw 355 positive cases this year, with a peak in February.