GLP-1 weight loss and diabetes drugs linked to nutritional deficiencies in nearly 1 in 6 children

· ScienceDaily
Source:Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago
Summary:Children taking GLP-1 medications (such as Victoza, Saxenda, Trulicity, and Ozempic) for weight loss, prediabetes, or type 2 diabetes may face an overlooked risk: nutritional deficiencies. A new study found that nearly 1 in 6 young patients developed a diagnosed deficiency within a year of starting treatment, with vitamin D deficiency affecting about 12%.
Nearly 1 in 6 children taking GLP-1 medications developed a nutritional deficiency within a year, raising concerns about how these drugs are managed during crucial years of growth. Credit: Shutterstock

Children taking GLP-1 medications for weight loss, prediabetes, or type 2 diabetes may face an important nutritional concern. A new study published in Childhood Obesity found that nearly one in six young patients (16.8%) were diagnosed with a nutritional deficiency during the first year after starting treatment.

Vitamin D deficiency was the most frequently identified problem, affecting 12.4% of children within one year of beginning GLP-1 therapy.

Nutrition Matters During Childhood Growth

"As appropriate pediatric use of GLP-1s becomes more widespread, we need to understand the risks during periods of rapid growth and pubertal development," said senior author Justin Ryder, PhD, Vice Chair of Research for the Department of Surgery at Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, and Associate Professor of Surgery and Pediatrics at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. "Nutrients such as vitamin D, iron and calcium are of particular concern during adolescence, when deficiencies may have lasting implications for skeletal health and overall development."

Adolescence is a period when the body requires substantial nutritional support for bone growth, physical development, and other major biological changes. Because GLP-1 medications can affect appetite and food intake, researchers say attention to nutrition may be especially important for younger patients receiving these drugs.

"Nutritional support needs to play a critical role once treatment with a GLP-1 medication is initiated," he added. "In our study, however, we found that only 5% of patients received nutritional counseling within 30 days of GLP-1 treatment and less than 25% received nutritional counseling within 6 months."

Tracking GLP-1 Use in More Than 2,000 Children

To investigate the issue, Dr. Ryder and his colleagues analyzed national administrative claims data collected from 2017 through 2022. The broader database covered more than 100 million patients.

From those records, the researchers identified 2,031 GLP-1 users ages 10 to 17 who met the study's continuous enrollment requirements and had not previously been diagnosed with a nutritional deficiency.

Among these children, liraglutide (Victoza and Saxenda) was by far the most commonly prescribed GLP-1 medication, accounting for 78.6% of prescriptions. Dulaglutide (Trulicity) accounted for 10.4%, while semaglutide (Ozempic and Wegovy) accounted for 9.1%.

Researchers Call for Earlier Nutritional Support

The findings suggest that nutritional care may need to begin alongside GLP-1 treatment rather than only after a deficiency has already been detected.

"We hope that our study findings bring much needed recognition to the importance of proactive nutritional management when GLP-1s are prescribed to children, as opposed to waiting until a nutritional deficiency is diagnosed," said Dr. Ryder. "Knowing the risks, we are in a much better position to prevent harm to children treated with GLP-1s during a pivotal period in their lives."

Related Terms

Diabetes mellitus type 1Type 1 diabetes (formerly known as "childhood" or "juvenile" diabetes or "insulin dependent" diabetes) is most commonly diagnosed in children and adolescents.The most important forms of diabetes are due to decreased or the complete absence of the production of insulin (type 1 diabetes), or decreased sensitivity of body tissues to insulin (type 2 diabetes).Personalized medicineCurrently, much of medical practice is based on "standards of care" that are determined by averaging responses across large cohorts. The theory has been that everyone should get the same care based on clinical trials.CancerCancer is a group of diseases in which cells are aggressive (grow and divide without respect to normal limits), invasive (invade and destroy adjacent tissues), and/or metastatic (spread to other locations in the body). These three malignant properties of cancers differentiate them from benign tumors, which are self-limited in their growth and do not invade or metastasize (although some benign tumor types are capable of becoming malignant). Cancer may affect people at all ages, even fetuses, but risk for the more common varieties tends to increase with age. Cancer causes about 13% of all deaths. Apart from people, forms of cancer may affect animals and plants.