Winter’s Silent Threat

Winters in Jammu and Kashmir are not merely a test of endurance against snow and sub-zero temperatures; they are increasingly emerging as a serious public health challenge. Medical experts have repeatedly warned that the harsh winter months witness a worrying surge in heart attacks and strokes, exposing the vulnerability of the region’s population to cold-induced cardiovascular stress.

Cardiologists observe that cardiac emergencies nearly double during winter compared to warmer seasons. Extreme cold triggers vasoconstriction—the narrowing of blood vessels—which elevates blood pressure and forces the heart to work harder. For individuals with pre-existing conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, or a history of smoking, this added strain can prove fatal. Cold weather also thickens the blood, increasing the risk of clot formation and, consequently, heart attacks and strokes.

Globally, nearly 20 million people die each year due to heart attacks and other cardiovascular diseases. Heart-related illnesses account for roughly 27–31 percent of all deaths worldwide, affecting an estimated 20.5 million individuals annually. Alarmingly, medical experts suggest that nearly 85 percent of these deaths are preventable through timely diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and sustained lifestyle modifications. These figures underline the urgency of prioritising cardiac health, particularly in regions exposed to extreme climatic stress.

The challenge in Jammu and Kashmir is compounded by winter-specific lifestyle patterns. Prolonged cold confines people indoors, drastically reducing physical activity and encouraging sedentary habits. Dietary choices also shift toward salty, sugary, and calorie-dense foods, accompanied by excessive tea consumption. While these habits may provide temporary warmth and comfort, they silently aggravate blood pressure, blood sugar levels, and body weight—key risk factors for heart disease.

Equally concerning is the frequent misinterpretation of early cardiac symptoms. Chest discomfort, breathlessness, or pain radiating to the arm or jaw is often dismissed as acidity, muscle strain, or a respiratory infection. Such delays in recognising warning signs and seeking medical attention significantly increase mortality, especially in remote and snowbound areas where access to healthcare is already limited.

Addressing this crisis requires a strong emphasis on prevention rather than reactive treatment. Staying adequately warm through layered clothing, proper heating, and protection of the head, hands, and feet is a medical necessity, not a luxury. Strenuous outdoor activity during extreme cold should be avoided, while light indoor exercises such as stretching, yoga, or walking can help maintain cardiovascular health. A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, and lean proteins must replace excessive dependence on fried and sugary foods, even during winter.

Hydration, often overlooked in cold weather due to reduced thirst, is equally vital. Dehydration can further thicken the blood and increase clotting risk. Regular health check-ups, particularly for high-risk individuals, can help detect early warning signs and prevent complications.

The global statistics are clear, and the local warning signs are even louder. With awareness, early medical intervention, and consistent preventive care, a large proportion of winter-related cardiac deaths in Jammu and Kashmir can be avoided. Protecting the heart must become as essential as surviving the winter itself.