Researchers have developed a rapid direct-from-urine test that identifies which first-line antibiotic is likely to work for a urinary tract infection in an average of 5.85 hours, instead of the usual two to three days. In studies of 352 routine urine samples and 90 duplicate preservative-tested samples, the method showed high agreement with standard testing, suggesting it could speed treatment and support efforts to curb antimicrobial resistance.