Lebanon and Israel hold new round of direct US-backed talks in Rome

• Lebanon and Israel held US-backed talks in Rome aiming for phased Israeli withdrawal and Lebanese army deployment in southern pilot zones to ease tensions.
• Hezbollah opposes the talks, calling them humiliating, while Lebanon's government seeks gradual Israeli withdrawal and peace implementation.
• Despite reduced violence following a US-Iran interim deal, intermittent Israeli strikes continue, and experts doubt Lebanon's ability to disarm Hezbollah fully.

ROME – Lebanon and Israel held a fresh round of American-sponsored talks in Rome on Aug 4, with Beirut seeking Israel’s phased withdrawal from the country’s south.

Convoys carrying delegations from the two countries arrived in the morning at the US embassy in the Italian capital, where discussions are scheduled to run until Aug 6.

At negotiations in Washington in June, Israel and Lebanon agreed to a framework deal that involves the disarmament of Hezbollah, a gradual withdrawal of Israeli forces from Lebanon’s south and the deployment of the Lebanese army to the region, starting in test areas known as “pilot zones”.

This week’s negotiations are the seventh round of Washington-mediated talks since Hezbollah drew Lebanon into the Middle East war in March with rocket fire at Israel, in support of its backer Iran.

Israel responded with heavy air strikes and a ground invasion that Lebanon says have killed more than 4,300 people.

Hezbollah leader Naim Qassem said on Aug 4 that the direct negotiations would bring “nothing but shame, humiliation, and successive compromises” for Lebanon.

In a televised address, he also criticised Lebanon’s President Joseph Aoun, saying he “has not acted as an arbiter, nor as a unifying figure, but has become biased and divisive, which is incompatible with his role and with Lebanon’s strength”.

The head of the Iran-backed group also accused the authorities of having “helped Israel instead of helping Lebanon’s sovereignty” by continuing with negotiations that he said had handed Israel “political gains”.

Prime Minister Nawaf Salam hit back on X, saying “the greatest help to Israel was provided by those who unilaterally drew Lebanon into the adventures of futile wars... and granted it pretexts to attack our country”.

“Those who unilaterally take the decision of war and try to continue to seize the state’s decision-making, and to tie Lebanon to foreign calculations and axes, ignoring the interests of their community and the Lebanese in general, are not fit to lecture on patriotism, not to mention on sovereignty,” he added.

‘Patience’

“Lebanon has no sovereignty except for the sole independent decision of the state with one army which extends its authority over all its territory,” he said.

On Aug 3, Italian Foreign Minister Antonio Tajani urged Lebanon and Israel to “continue in a constructive spirit, identifying shared solutions that will allow for the full implementation of the framework agreement”, his ministry said.

After talks in July, Israel’s military withdrew from the outskirts of the village of Zawtar al-Gharbiya, one of the first pilot zones.

The Lebanese army deployed to the area and has allowed residents to inspect their homes and businesses.

Pilot zones

Salam told a Cabinet meeting on Aug 3 that his country was pursuing “efforts towards successive Israeli withdrawals from Lebanese territory, leading to a full withdrawal”.

A US State Department official had told AFP that this week’s discussions would “include expanding the pilot zone process, resolving all outstanding border issues, and working on a comprehensive peace and security agreement”.

On Aug 3, US Ambassador to Lebanon Michel Issa warned that “moving too quickly risks jeopardising the very civilians this process is meant to protect”.

“It is better to take the time needed to get this right the first time. Doing so will allow subsequent pilot zones to move forward more efficiently,” he said.

“Both sides must agree on a clear, workable process before proceeding.”

The Lebanese army’s deployment is a major test, with experts expressing doubt over the authorities’ ability to disarm Hezbollah – which opposes the Israel deal and refuses to surrender its weapons – and prevent further non-state military activity.

Observers say Israel’s commitment to withdraw will also be tested when pilot zones are selected in areas fully under its occupation.

Violence in Lebanon has decreased since the Lebanon-Israel deal and the signing in June of a preliminary US-Iran agreement on the Middle East conflict.

But Lebanon continues to report intermittent Israeli strikes and shelling, as well as detonations and demolitions in southern villages. AFP