Belarus frees Nobel winner, top opposition figures as US eases sanctions

Summary

• Lukashenko freed 123 prisoners, including Ales Bialiatski and Maria Kalesnikava, in a US-brokered deal to lift potash sanctions.
• John Coale aims for further releases, hoping to free around 1,000 political prisoners and remove most sanctions if successful.
• Opposition leaders expressed mixed reactions, grateful for prisoner release but stressed the need for continued EU sanctions for systemic change.

VILNIUS - Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko freed 123 prisoners on Dec 13, including Nobel Peace Prize winner Ales Bialiatski and leading opposition figure Maria Kalesnikava, in a deal brokered by an envoy for US President Donald Trump.

In return, the US agreed to lift sanctions on Belarusian potash. Potash is a key component in fertilisers, and the former Soviet state is a leading global producer.

The prisoner release was by far the biggest by Mr Lukashenko since Mr Trump’s administration opened talks this year with the veteran authoritarian leader, a close ally of Russian President Vladimir Putin.

Western governments had previously shunned him because of his crushing of dissent and backing for Russia’s war in Ukraine.

Mr Trump’s envoy, Mr John Coale, told Reuters that around 1,000 remaining political prisoners in Belarus could be released, hopefully in one big group, in the coming months.

“I think it’s more than possible that we can do that, I think it’s probable... We are on the right track, the momentum is there,” he said.

If no political prisoners remained, most of the sanctions could be removed. “I think it’s a fair trade,” Mr Coale added.

Nine of the released prisoners left Belarus for Lithuania and 114 were taken to Ukraine, officials said.

Mr Bialiatski, co-winner of the 2022 Nobel Peace Prize, is a human rights campaigner who fought for years on behalf of political prisoners before becoming one himself. He had been in jail since July 2021.

Visibly aged since he was last seen in public, he smiled broadly as he embraced exiled opposition leader Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya on arrival at the US embassy in Lithuania.

Mr Bialiatski told Reuters he had spent the previous night on a prison bunk in a room with nearly 40 people, and was still getting to grips with the idea of being free.

He said the goals of the human rights struggle for which he and his fellow-campaigners had won the Nobel prize had still not been realised.

“Thousands of people have been and continue to be imprisoned... So our struggle continues,” he said, in his first public comments in the three years since he won the award.

The Norwegian Nobel Committee expressed “profound relief and heartfelt joy” at his release.

Ms Kalesnikava, a leader of mass protests against Mr Lukashenko in 2020, was among the large group taken by bus to Ukraine.

“Of course, it’s a feeling of incredible happiness first of all: to see with your eyes the people who are dear to you, to hug them, and understand that now we are all free people. It’s a great joy to see my first free sunset,” she said, in video published by the Ukrainian Telegram channel Khochu Zhit.

It showed her embracing Mr Viktar Babaryka, an opposition politician arrested in 2020 while preparing to run against Mr Lukashenko in an election. Mr Babaryka said his son Eduard was still in prison in Belarus.

Ms Tatsiana Khomich, Ms Kalesnikava’s sister, told Reuters she had been worried she might refuse to leave Belarus and had been prepared to try to persuade her.

“I very much look forward to hugging Maria... the last five years was very hard for us, but now I talked to her (by phone) and I feel as if the five years did not happen,” she said.

US diplomacy aims at decoupling Lukashenko from Putin

US officials have told Reuters that engaging with Mr Lukashenko is part of an effort to peel him away from Mr Putin’s influence, at least to a degree - an effort that the Belarus opposition, until now, has viewed with extreme scepticism.

The US and the European Union imposed wide-ranging sanctions on Belarus after Minsk launched a violent crackdown on protesters following a disputed election in 2020, jailing nearly all opponents of Mr Lukashenko who did not flee abroad.

Sanctions were tightened after Mr Lukashenko allowed Belarus to serve as a staging ground for Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022.

The exiled Belarusian opposition expressed gratitude to Mr Trump and said the fact that Mr Lukashenko had agreed to release prisoners in return for the concessions on potash was proof of the effectiveness of sanctions.

The opposition has consistently said it sees Mr Trump’s outreach to Mr Lukashenko as a humanitarian effort, but that EU sanctions should stay in place.

“US sanctions are about people. EU sanctions are about systemic change – stopping the war, enabling democratic transition, and ensuring accountability. These approaches do not contradict each other; they complement each other,” exiled opposition leader Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya said.

Mr Lukashenko has previously denied there are political prisoners in Belarus and described the people in question as “bandits”. As recently as August, he asked why he should free people he sees as opponents of the state who might “again wage war against us”.

Mr Trump has referred to Mr Lukashenko as “the highly respected president of Belarus”, a description that jars with the opposition who see him as a dictator. He has urged him to free up to 1,300 or 1,400 prisoners whom Mr Trump has described as “hostages”.

“The United States stands ready for additional engagement with Belarus that advances US interests and will continue to pursue diplomatic efforts to free remaining political prisoners in Belarus,” the US embassy in Lithuania said.

Belarusian human rights group Viasna - which is designated by Minsk as an extremist organisation - put the number of political prisoners at 1,227 on the eve of the Dec 13 releases. REUTERS