The little-known eye problem that could be a sign of diabetes
by Lauren Haughey, Barbara Hodgson · ChronicleLiveMany of us know the typical symptoms of diabetes, the common but potentially very serious disease that causes high blood sugar levels that can damage the body.
Excessive thirst, fatigue and frequent trips to toilet are among the most well-known signs but fewer people may know diabetes can trigger changes to eyesight. And an ophthalmologist has drawn attention to a largely overlooked eye problem which may result.
Cindy Cai of The John Hopkins Hospital highlights a condition called diabetic retinopathy which is reportedly the 'leading cause of blindness in American adults', reports The Mirror. However, in an online blog she added that "great treatments" are available for it - but regular eye tests are important.
Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes, driven by unchecked blood sugar levels in the back of the eye. Over time, this may damage the retina - the layer of 'photo-receptors' crucial to vision - and can even cause blindness if left undiagnosed.
Cai said: "It is important to get regular eye examinations so that your doctor can offer you these treatments as soon as you might need them." While the NHS says it can take 'several years for diabetic retinopathy to reach a stage where it could threaten your sight', it is important to have it treated.
The health body explains: "The retina is the light-sensitive layer of cells at the back of the eye that converts light into electrical signals. The signals are sent to the brain which turns them into the images you see.
"The retina needs a constant supply of blood, which it receives through a network of tiny blood vessels. Over time, a persistently high blood sugar level can damage these blood vessels in three main stages."
It adds: "However, if a problem with your eyes is picked up early, lifestyle changes and treatment can stop it getting worse." Cai stressed the importance of have eyes checked regularly while also finding way to reduce high blood pressure or cholesterol.
Not smoking can help too. She said: "In addition to getting your eyes checked, it’s also very important to keep the blood sugars under control. This is not only good for you overall but also good for your eyes."
Are you at risk of diabetic retinopathy? The NHS guidance is outlined below
People with either type one or type two diabetes are potentially at risk of developing this condition. This risk is exacerbated if you:
- Have or have had high blood pressure for a long time
- Have high cholesterol
- Are pregnant
- Have had diabetes for a long time
- Are pregnant
- Are of Asian or Afro-Caribbean background
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