Country Life: Inside Kapiro Farm's quest to find the sheep of the future

Climate change, increasing costs, fussier consumers and changing rules have researchers and breeders working hard to develop a sheep that will not only be economic to farm but good for the planet.

Kapiro Farm in Northland is five years into a seven-year project to breed the sheep of the future.

The Sheep of the Future programme is a $10.5 million collaboration between the Ministry for Primary Industries, Pāmu and its subsidiary Focus Genetics.

How well the sheep grow on the feed they're given in Northland's warm and sticky climate, which other regions will likely increasingly experience, is being measured.

The animals that do best are the ones to breed from, and there are other traits to balance too, including the animal's resilience to disease like facial eczema and the amount of methane it emits.

Reducing costs for the farmer within a struggling wool industry has been a big consideration for the breeders.

"With the way the world's heading with global warming and whatnot, [we're also aiming for] an animal that is easy care, that has an element of shedding about it," Kapiro Farm manager Ian Leaf told Country Life.

"An easy care sheep of the future that can handle what the future has in store for us."

With wool prices strengthening of late Leaf said there was not as hard a focus on 100 percent shedding ability, " more like 30 percent."

Follow Country Life on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, iHeart or wherever you get your podcasts.

The fifth generation of ewes culled from the original 2000-strong flock of Romney sheep are being mated now.

Over the programme, at least 12 different breeds have been mated with the Romneys, including Dorper sires, Damaras, Exlanas and Wiltshires. They "basically chucked every shedding or no wool sire into the paddock," Leaf said.

The Damara from Namibia, known for its hardiness in arid climates and maternal instincts, was the first breed to be culled out, as much for its looks as anything, Leaf said, pointing out the final sheep must be acceptable to the market.

"They resemble a lot a goat. They have a lot of goat traits. They grow horns. They're a bit bit more slender of a build. They hold their fat stores in their tail."

"Moving forward, there's always a visual aspect that you look to adhere to. A lot of people are going to have their own impressions and judgements visually before looking at data. So just cleaning that up and getting a nice uniformed animal that everyone's used to seeing."

The main breeds coming through now include the Wiltshire "definitely for the shedding ability," UltraWhites and Exlanas, low maintenance sheep developed in Australia and the UK respectively.

"We've had our struggles with the Wiltshire with their feet. They don't tend to have very good feet, so just making sure we're mixing them in the right volumes of Wiltshire."

They also want to end up with an animal that "gives you a decent lamb at weaning."

"There's a little bit of Texel in there ... for the meat and carcass production."

The ram lambs are methane-tested every year.

"That all has a huge impact on the selection process."

So will there be a perfect sheep of the future at the end of the programme in two years' time?

Lesf said they were starting to see a "nice, uniformed animal now ... that is growing, well, growing at competitive rates to where we were as a Romney-based flock."

He was interested to find out what the animals could do further south " in the land of milk and honey", saying there's always room for improvement.

"What [the programme] is bringing is insurance on the data. The data is there. We now know exactly how much these guys emit in methane. We know exactly how much feed they take to convert into a kilo of carcass.

"What this Sheep of the Future has done is it's given you actual facts, 'what is' not 'what ifs'."

Learn more:

• Learn more about the Sheep of the Future project here