The role of digital platforms in shaping human curiosity

At one point or another, you may have gone online looking for a specific bit of information and found yourself "going down the Wiki rabbit hole" as you discover wholly new, ever-more fascinating related topics-;some trivial, some relevant-;and you may have gone so far down the hole it's difficult to piece together what brought you there to begin with.

"The busybody loves any and all kinds of newness, they're happy to jump from here to there, with seemingly no rhyme or reason, and this is contrasted by the 'hunter,' which is a more goal-oriented, focused person who seeks to solve a problem, find a missing factor, or fill out a model of the world," says Bassett.

"We observed that countries that had greater inequality, in terms of gender and access to education, had people who were browsing with more intent-;seeking closely related information, whereas the people in countries that had more equality were browsing expansively, with more diversity in topics-;jumping from topic to topic and collecting loosely connected information," Bassett says.

"Beginning this line of work in a small sample allowed us to work out the methods needed to capture the complex information-seeking that accompanies curiosity," Lydon-Staley says. "Working out those methods then allowed us to scale up and ask whether we could confirm that the styles we observed could be found outside of our sample of Philadelphians."

The three hunches

The researchers cite three main hypotheses driving the associations between information-seeking approaches and equality.

"One is that it's possible that countries that have more inequality also have more patriarchal structures of oppression that are constraining the knowledge production approaches to be more Hunter-like," says Bassett. "Countries that have greater equality, in contrast, are open to a diversity of ideas, and therefore a diversity of ways that we're engaging in the world. This is more like the busybody-;the one that's moving between ideas in a very open-minded way."

A second possibility the researchers outline is that browsers go to Wikipedia for different purposes in different countries, citing how someone in a country with higher equality may be going to the site for entertainment or leisure rather than for work.

And the third potential explanation is that people in different countries who come to Wikipedia may have different ages, genders, socioeconomic status, or educational attainment, and that those differences in who's actually coming to Wikipedia may explain the differences in the browsing patterns.

Making connections

One of the most exciting findings of the study was the confirmation of a third curiosity style-;the "dancer," which had previously only been hypothesized based on Zurn's research on historical texts.

"The dancer is someone who moves along a track of information but, unlike the busybody, they make leaps between ideas in a creative, choreographed way," says Zurn. "They don't jump randomly; they connect different domains to create something new."

This curiosity style shows a degree of creativity and interdisciplinary thinking, offering a new perspective on how people engage with information. "It's less about randomness and more about seeing connections where others might not," Bassett says.

"What this tells us is that people-;and likely children-;have different curiosity styles, and that might affect how they approach learning," Bassett says. "A child with a hunter-like curiosity may struggle if assessed using methods that favor the busybody style, or vice versa. Understanding these styles could help us tailor educational experiences to better support individual learning paths."

Where curiosity may lead next

Looking ahead, the team seeks to explore the factors influencing these curiosity styles.

"One question I'm particularly interested in is whether people browse differently at different times of day-;perhaps they're more hunter-like in the morning and more like busybodies in the evening," says Bassett.

The team aims to explore the motivations behind Wikipedia browsing, examining whether users are driven by extrinsic factors, like work, or intrinsic curiosity, like personal interest. Additionally, they are considering expanding their analysis to include other digital platforms where learning and exploration naturally occur.

"Wikipedia is a very special place on the internet," Lydon-Staley says. "The site features exclusively free content and no commercial advertisements. Much of the rest of the contemporary digital landscape is designed to activate individuals' buying impulses and customizes our media content. This raises the question of how much we are in charge of where our curiosity takes us in online contexts beyond Wikipedia."

Source:

University of Pennsylvania

Journal reference:

Zhou, D., et al. (2024). Architectural styles of curiosity in global Wikipedia mobile app readership. Science Advances. doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adn3268.